Non-point sources are produced and transported as part of the hydrological cycle. Only land management factors can be controlled by society. Non-point source pollution is related to land management and geological and hydrological variables and may change daily or annually. Non-point sources are spread, cover important areas, and operate either in response to human activities or as “background pollution” of natural lands. Browne in 1989 described a definition of NPS pollution that includes the following factors: Human activity can, however, have a significant influence on the acceleration or deceleration of pollution rate at the source therefore, in dealing with non-point source pollution, the challenge is to identify activities that result in significant degradation of water quality and design control programs to minimize problems (Baird et al. NPS pollution involves a natural process that can never be totally eliminated.
Preserving water quality is an arduous task, mainly because of the presence of point and non-point sources (NPS) of pollution. Water quality varies according to location, time, weather, and sources of pollution (Giri and Qiu 2016). Water quality plays a central role in all aspects of living organisms on the earth, attracting the attention of a broad range of scientists, researchers, and water resource managers. Water quality is defined as a measure of water use for different purposes (drinking, industrial, agricultural, recreational, and habitat) using various parameters such as physical, chemical, and biological (Giri and Qiu 2016). Land use refers to anthropogenic use of lands and their resources, and the physical conditions of these lands result from a long-term interaction between humans and natural environment. Current patterns of development, as well as the characteristics of the natural environment and the consequences of past development activities, determine opportunities for future development and also the need to restore or improve environmental resources (Encyclopedia 2009). Patterns of social development and land use have shaped the local and global environment since prehistoric times (Encyclopedia 2009). The concept of land use is closely linked to the development of the human community. Land use is the human use of terrestrial space for economic, residential, recreational, conservation, and government purposes. These findings would provide decision-makers with useful information for managing water pollution processes rather than sources only. However, the results of correlation analysis showed that agricultural and forest-related activities more affected water quality through their significant positive correlation with physical and chemical indicators of water quality, while urban development activities had a greater impact on water quality through altering hydrological processes such as runoff and erosion. The results revealed that 87% of the reviewed studies indicated urban land use as a major source of water pollution, while 82% indicated agricultural land use, 77% indicated forest land use, and 44% indicated other land uses. To achieve our goal, we evaluated the significance of both land use and water quality attributes used in the past studies and correlated them to understand their relationship from another angle of view. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to review and analyze the main relationships between land use and water quality, as well as to visualize the major sources and processes of water quality pollution in Malaysia. The impact of land use changes on water quality is generally studied by analyzing the relationships between land use and water quality indicators.
Land use changes in urbanization, industrialization, and agricultural processes will continue to have negative impacts on water quality at all scales.
0 kommentar(er)
